• Lesson 16 - Punctuation
• Lesson 18 - Verb + -ing

The different clauses:

Clauses
1. Independent Clause / Main Clause
2. Dependent Clause / Subordinate Clause
3. Adverbial Clause
4. Noun Clause
5. Relative Clause / Adjective Clause
6. Finite and Nonfinite Clauses
7. Restrictive (or defining) and Non-restrictive (or non-defining) Relative Clauses
8. That-Clause

A� clause  is a group of words that must contain a subject and a finite verb . Besides the subject and verb which can be a verb phrase, it can also have an object or a complement . The clause can be a simple sentence (independent clause or main clause) or part of a sentence ( dependent clause ). The dependent clause is also called a subordinate clause .�

 

More on the parts that make up a clause

A clause can have two parts or several parts

Two parts : He (subject) has left (verb phrase).

Several parts : Our (possessive determiner) tour guide (subject) showed (verb) us (object) around the old town ( prepositional phrase ) briefly (adverb) this morning ( adverbial phrase ).

Some of the parts may be single words or more than single words.  �

More examples of the different elements that combine to make up a clause are shown in this table. The different elements are� subject ,� verb ,� indirect object ,� direct object ,� complement , and� adverbial .

Subject	Verb	Indirect object	Direct object	Complement	Adverbial
We	walked.
Some guests	have left.
The robbers	carried		guns.
Time	passes			very slowly.
They	are playing				outside their house.
Bob	gave	his dog	a biscuit.
The news	made		her	angry.
Jane	met		her boyfriend		at the tennis club.

• Lesson 16 - Punctuation
• Lesson 18 - Verb + -ing